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Saturday, April 2, 2011

Content and communication strategies in 4535 covers of Time magazine

Some time ago we created a set of visualizations of all 4535 covers of Time magazine published between 1923 and 2009. Here are the visualizations which which patterns in content and communication strategies of Time.

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Flickr user laurence.wheway have added deep zoom interface to our visualization of 4535 covers of Time magazine.

4535 Time covers: deep zoom

Same visualization on Flickr (without deep zoom):

Mapping Time

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The following set includes visualization which use our manual annotations of all covers of Time magazine (4553 covers, 1923-2009). We use manual annotations to tag semantic features which are hard to analyze automatically using digital image analysis. Of course this takes time so we would not do this on large data sets such as our 1 million Manga pages data set - but for smaller sets such as Time covers, this is a useful approach.

Project credits:
Data collection + additional software + data managment: Jeremy Douglass
Visualization software and design: Lev Manovich

Horizontal visualizations:
X-axis: publication data (left to right).
Y-axis: brightness mean (for b&w covers) or saturation mean (for color covers).

Square visualizations:
X-axis: brightness mean.
Y axis: brightness standard deviation.

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Here are graphs which show historical patterns in some of the metadata we added:

time-covers-metadata-all

Here are some of these patterns shown using our "media visualization" method (including original images in the graphs):

How many women and people of color appeared on the covers of Time magazine?

time_covers_up_to_1990.Xmean.Ystdev
All Time covers for 1923-1989: 3480 total
Covers showing people: 2583

time_covers_up_to_1990.Xmean.Ystdev.F_only
All Time covers for 1923-1989: 3480 total
Covers showing people: 2583
Covers showing women: 260

Time_covers_upto_1990.Xmean.Ystdev.people_of_color.
All Time covers for 1923-1989: 3480 total
Covers showing people: 2583
Covers showing people of color: 306

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In the next set, we used color frames around the covers which have particular metadata tags:

Time_covers_upto_1990.Blue_frame_tag_female
All Time covers for 1923-1989: 3480 total
Covers showing people: 2583
Covers showing women (framed in blue): 260

Time_covers_upto_1990.Red_frame_tag_people_of_color
All Time covers for 1923-1989: 3480 total
Covers showing people: 2583
Covers showing people of color (framed in red): 306

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The next set shows historical changes in content (compositions illustrating concepts vs. [portraits of particular individuals) and media used (photos vs drawings).

Compositions vs. portraits - we placed red frames around the covers which we call "compositions" - they represent an idea, an object, an event etc, as opposed to portraits of particular individuals which dominate first decades of publication.

Time_covers_upto_1990.Red_frame_tag_composition

Before Photoshop -
The covers with blue frames around them use photos (as opposed to drawings or paintings):

Time_covers_up_to_1989.selected_montage.fixed